The rules for recommendation algorithms bar excessive price discrimination and protect the rights of workers subject to algorithmic scheduling. Information control is a central goal of all three measures, but they also contain many other notable provisions. In doing so, we have built a conceptual model of how China makes AI governance policy, one that can be used to project the future trajectory of Chinese AI governance (see figure 1).Ĭhina’s three most concrete and impactful regulations on algorithms and AI are its 2021 regulation on recommendation algorithms, the 2022 rules for deep synthesis (synthetically generated content), and the 2023 draft rules on generative AI. I break down the regulations into their component parts-the terminology, key concepts, and specific requirements-and then trace those components to their roots, revealing how Chinese academics, bureaucrats, and journalists shaped the regulations. In this series of three papers, I will attempt to reverse engineer Chinese AI governance. Matt Sheehan is a fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, where his research focuses on global technology issues, with a specialization in China’s artificial intelligence ecosystem. Even if countries fundamentally disagree on the specific content of a regulation, they can still learn from each other when it comes to the underlying structures and technical feasibility of different regulatory approaches. Instead, these regulations deserve careful study on how they will affect China’s AI trajectory and what they can teach policymakers around the world about regulating the technology. China’s emerging AI governance framework will reshape how the technology is built and deployed within China and internationally, impacting both Chinese technology exports and global AI research networks.īut in the West, China’s regulations are often dismissed as irrelevant or seen purely through the lens of a geopolitical competition to write the rules for AI. These include measures governing recommendation algorithms-the most omnipresent form of AI deployed on the internet-as well as new rules for synthetically generated images and chatbots in the mold of ChatGPT. China is in the midst of rolling out some of the world’s earliest and most detailed regulations governing artificial intelligence (AI).
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